Methodological Issues of Pharmacoepidemiology Studies Using Hospital-based Database in Japan

Methodological issues of confounding in analytical epidemiologic studies

Background: Confounding can be thought of as mixing the effect of exposure on the risk of disease with a third factor which distorts the measure of association such as risk ratio or odds ratio. This bias arises because of complex functional relationship of confounder with both exposure and disease (outcome). In this article, we provided a conceptual framework review of confounding issues in epi...

methodological issues of confounding in analytical epidemiologic studies

background: confounding can be thought of as mixing the effect of exposure on the risk of disease with a third factor which distorts the measure of association such as risk ratio or odds ratio. this bias arises because of complex functional relationship of confounder with both exposure and disease (outcome). in this article, we provided a conceptual framework review of confounding issues in epi...

Methodological issues in analyzing small populations using CCHS cycles based on the official language minority studies.

Statistical analyses for small populations or small domains of interest can be challenging. To obtain reliable estimates, only very large surveys such as the Canadian Community Health Survey can be considered. However, despite its good geographical and temporal coverage, the analysis of small populations in smaller regions (e.g., health regions) and in regards to specific health issues remains ...

Panel 3: methodological issues in conducting pharmacoeconomic evaluations--retrospective and claims database studies.

Pharmacoeconomic analyses can be conducted within the context of clinical studies or by using retrospective databases. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies, specifically retrospective database analyses, answer different questions. For example, most RCTs are designed to measure efficacy, not effectiveness. Existing databases can provide effectiveness and “real-world” data....

The European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (ENCePP) Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology